EL1 Interview Questions and Sample Answers
By Judy M. Wallis, Founder and Interview CoachLast updated
The EL1 interview is where candidates most often answer one level too low. Panels are scoring you as a supervisor and an adviser to your director — not as the strongest doer in the team.
What EL1 is accountable for
At EL1 you manage people and work programs under broad direction, exercise significant delegation, and provide advice your director can act on without rework.
- Supervising staff: allocating work, managing performance, and developing people deliberately.
- Balancing competing priorities across a team, including deciding what will not be done.
- Advice that is decision-ready and stands up when tested by a more senior officer.
- Managing risk, integrity and conduct matters through the proper channel.
- Representing your area outside it — other branches, other agencies, external stakeholders.
- Drawing on the Integrated Leadership System capabilities, which panels use alongside the Work Level Standards at EL level.
15 common EL1 interview questions, by ILS capability
EL1 panels usually build their questions around the five Integrated Leadership System capabilities. Here are the ones I'd prepare for, with what the panel is listening for in each. Questions marked ★ have a full sample answer further down the page.
| ILS capability | Question | What the panel is listening for |
|---|---|---|
| ILS capabilityShapes strategic thinking | QuestionTell us about a time you connected your team's work to a broader agency or government priority. | What the panel is listening forWhy the work mattered, not just what you did. |
| ILS capabilityShapes strategic thinking | Question★ Tell us about something you changed that nobody had asked you to look at. | What the panel is listening forYou looked past your own work program and took the idea through the right channel. |
| ILS capabilityShapes strategic thinking | QuestionHow do you keep a longer-term goal on track when urgent work keeps landing? | What the panel is listening forYou protect priority work on purpose, and you can say what you parked. |
| ILS capabilityAchieves results | Question★ Describe a time you had to manage competing priorities across your team with insufficient capacity. | What the panel is listening forYou decided what wouldn't be done and took that decision upwards. |
| ILS capabilityAchieves results | QuestionTell us about a time you identified a risk to your program. How did you manage it? | What the panel is listening forYou named the risk early, knew your threshold and escalated at the right point. |
| ILS capabilityAchieves results | Question★ Describe a time you had to deliver with less budget or fewer staff than planned. | What the panel is listening forTrade-offs you owned, not longer hours. |
| ILS capabilityCultivates productive working relationships | Question★ Tell us about a time you managed an underperforming team member. | What the panel is listening forSpecific, timely, documented, and through the proper process. |
| ILS capabilityCultivates productive working relationships | QuestionHow have you led a team through a change some of them didn't support? | What the panel is listening forYou listened, explained the why, and kept delivery going. |
| ILS capabilityCultivates productive working relationships | Question★ Tell us about a time you built a working relationship outside your area to deliver an outcome. | What the panel is listening forInfluence without authority. |
| ILS capabilityExemplifies personal drive and integrity | Question★ Tell us about a time you acted on the APS Values when it wasn't the easy option. | What the panel is listening forYou acted, used the proper channel, and can name the value. |
| ILS capabilityExemplifies personal drive and integrity | QuestionDescribe a decision you made without all the information you wanted. | What the panel is listening forWhat you checked, what you decided, and that you owned the result. |
| ILS capabilityExemplifies personal drive and integrity | QuestionHow have you implemented a decision you personally disagreed with? | What the panel is listening forYou raised your concerns through the right channel, then implemented it in good faith. |
| ILS capabilityCommunicates with influence | Question★ Give us an example of advice you provided to a senior executive on a difficult issue. | What the panel is listening forDecision-ready advice that held when it was tested. |
| ILS capabilityCommunicates with influence | QuestionTell us about a time you persuaded a stakeholder who started out opposed. | What the panel is listening forYou understood their position before you tried to move it. |
| ILS capabilityCommunicates with influence | QuestionDescribe a time you explained something complex to a non-specialist audience. | What the panel is listening forYou shaped the message around what they needed to decide. |
Pitching at EL1, not the level either side
The most common reason a strong candidate misses out is answering one level below the role. Same story, wrong emphasis.
APS 6 answers foreground the quality of your own work and advice. EL1 answers foreground decisions about other people's work.
EL 2 answers reach across a branch or program and manage managers. At EL1 the unit of accountability is your team and your work program.
What an EL1 earns in 2026
EL1 pay is set agency by agency, like the APS levels. As of 12 March 2026, EL1 base salaries sit at roughly A$122,000 to A$142,000, before superannuation.
| Agency | EL1 base salary (from 12 March 2026) |
|---|---|
| Australian Financial Security Authority | A$121,755 – A$141,441 |
| Services Australia | A$122,493 – A$135,731 |
| Australian Public Service Commission | A$123,996 – A$142,116 |
| Australian Taxation Office | A$129,551 – A$141,239 |
The jump from APS 6 is real, and so is the jump in what the panel expects for it.
The step up from APS 6 to EL1
The step to EL1 is the biggest jump in the APS, and it's where I see strong APS 6 candidates fall short most often. At APS 6, you're judged on the quality of your own work. At EL1, you're judged on the work you get done through other people, and on the advice you give upwards.
- People. Most EL1 roles supervise staff. Panels want to hear you setting direction, developing people and dealing with underperformance, not just allocating tasks.
- Strategy. EL1s connect their team's work to the agency's priorities. Show that you understood why the work mattered, not only how you did it.
- Risk and resources. Expect questions on budgets, competing priorities and what you chose not to do.
Your EL1 pitch
An EL1 pitch has the same rules as any APS pitch: follow the word limit in the job ad, and give your strongest two or three examples. The difference is level. Every example should show you leading, deciding or advising, not doing the work yourself. If you haven't formally supervised, use examples of leading a project team, mentoring or managing contractors, and say so plainly.
The follow-up questions to expect
EL1 panels probe harder, because they're testing whether you can operate on your own. Practice these for each example:
- How did you bring your team along with the decision?
- What did you escalate, and what did you decide yourself?
- What advice did you give your director, and did they take it?
- What would you do if the same problem came up with half the resources?
- How did you handle the person who disagreed with you?
EL1 interview questions with sample answers
Use these as models for structure and evidence density, not as scripts. Substitute your own work — panels can tell.
1. Tell us about a time you managed an underperforming team member.
Whether you were specific and timely, used the proper process, and can say what changed.
Raise it within a fortnight with specific examples, find the cause, agree a written plan with regular check-ins, and keep your director informed. Then say what changed.
Situation: an APS 5 in my team was missing internal deadlines and the quality of drafting had dropped over about two months. Task: I supervised her. Action: I raised it within the fortnight rather than saving it for a cycle conversation, and I came with three specific instances rather than an impression. It emerged the workload had shifted to work she had never been trained in. We agreed a plan: two named pieces of work with me reviewing at draft stage, a fortnightly 20-minute check-in, and training on the new subject matter. I recorded the plan in writing so the expectations were not open to interpretation, and I kept my director informed. Result: her drafting was back at standard within six weeks and she stayed in the team. Had it not moved, the documented plan would have been the basis for a formal process.
2. Describe a time you had to manage competing priorities across your team with insufficient capacity.
Whether you decided what would not be done, and whether you took that decision upwards rather than absorbing it.
Rank the work by the consequence of being late, then take your director a revised plan with the cost of each option. At EL1, escalating the trade-off is the skill.
Situation: my section of seven had three commitments landing in the same fortnight — a submission, an audit response and business-as-usual casework — with one person on unplanned leave. Task: I owned the work program. Action: I ranked the three by consequence of being late rather than by who had asked, put the two people with audit experience on the audit response, and went to my director with a specific proposal: the submission moves by a week, casework holds at the service standard, audit lands on time. I named the cost of each option instead of asking her to sort it out. Result: she agreed and negotiated the submission date with the policy owner. All three commitments were met on the revised plan, and no one in the team worked a weekend.
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3. Tell us about a time you had to act on the APS Values when it was not the easy option.
Whether you acted, used the proper channel, and can name the value in play.
Check your facts, raise it through the proper channel the same day, and fix the process so it doesn't happen again. Name the value you acted on.
Situation: six weeks after publication I found an error in a figure in our annual report. Nobody had queried it. Task: raising it meant a formal correction and some discomfort for the area that supplied it. Action: I verified the error against source data before saying anything, took it to my director the same day with the corrected figure and a one-paragraph note on the cause, and drafted the correction notice myself rather than handing the problem over. Result: the correction was published, and I added a two-person verification step for published figures. Accountability mattered more than the awkwardness of the correction, and the process change meant it was not just an apology.
4. Give us an example of advice you provided to a senior executive on a difficult issue.
Whether the advice was decision-ready, and how it held up when it was tested.
Give two options with their consequences, a clear recommendation and any assumption you couldn't verify. If the reasoning hasn't changed, hold your position when you're probed.
Situation: my first assistant secretary had to decide whether to pause a program while an eligibility issue was resolved. Task: I was asked for a recommendation within two days. Action: I set out two options with the consequence of each for participants, the legal exposure, and the communications position, and recommended a targeted pause on the affected cohort rather than the whole program. I had the legal reading confirmed before it went up, and I flagged the one assumption I could not verify. When she pressed on why not a full pause, I held the recommendation and explained the participant impact, because the reasoning had not changed. Result: the targeted pause was adopted, roughly 90% of participants were unaffected, and the eligibility issue was resolved in three weeks.
5. Tell us about something you changed that nobody had asked you to look at.
Whether you saw beyond your own work program, and whether you took the idea through the right channel.
Find the root cause, put a cost on it, and take a proposal to the owner instead of building a local workaround.
Situation: my team reconciled two systems manually every month, roughly two days of effort, and it was accepted as normal. Task: it was on nobody's work plan, including mine. Action: I had a team member document where the discrepancies actually came from. Most traced to one field entered inconsistently at intake. I wrote it up with the estimated annual time cost and took a proposal for a validation rule to the system owner rather than building a workaround locally. Result: the rule was implemented at the next release and the reconciliation became a half-day task. I also used the piece of work as a development opportunity for the officer who did the analysis.
6. Tell us about a time you built a working relationship with a stakeholder outside your area to deliver an outcome.
Whether you build relationships deliberately and represent your area well beyond your own team. At EL1 this often means other agencies, central agencies or external partners.
Find out why the relationship stalled, agree a way of working that suits both sides, and show what each side gained.
Situation: our program relied on data from a state agency that had stopped responding to requests. Task: I needed the data flowing again without any authority over their team. Action: I asked for a meeting with their manager and listened to why. Our requests had been arriving ad hoc and unprioritised. I agreed a quarterly data schedule with them, and we each set up a single point of contact. Result: within two quarters every data request was met on time, and they invited us to co-design their next collection.
7. Describe a time you had to deliver with less budget or fewer staff than you'd planned for.
How you make trade-offs and own them. EL1s manage resources, risk and priorities, and are expected to tell their director what won't get done, not just work harder.
Map the work against priorities, recommend what to pause, redistribute the rest deliberately, and report what you delivered.
Situation: halfway through the year my team lost one of four staff and 15% of our contractor budget. Task: I owned the team's work program. Action: I mapped our work against the branch's priorities and recommended to my director that we pause one low-impact review. I redistributed the remaining work based on each person's strengths and set fortnightly check-ins to catch overload early. Result: we delivered all three priority projects on time, and the paused review restarted the next quarter with new funding.
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EL1 interview questions — FAQs
Rehearse at EL1
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Other APS classifications
Also useful: the APS interview questions guide for the Work Level Standards overall, the Australian government interview questions guide for state frameworks, and STAR method example answers for the underlying answer structure.
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